Implementation of Page-Object-Model (POM) to Espresso (Native Android Testing) with Kotlin

What is Espresso

Espresso is a native test automation tooling developed by Google for Android UI Tests. Espresso is open-source, very stable, and there are many frameworks that have been developed around Espresso. The Espresso testing framework, provided by the Android Testing Support Library, provides APIs for

writing UI tests to simulate user interactions within a single target app.

It has a full feature-set of Junit that works with Espresso
Android Studio provides everything you need
It provides white-box testing
What Google says about it

Page Object Model (POM)

The main idea behind the Page Object Model (POM) design pattern, is to create an object repository for the pages in the application, which will then be used in the tests. In other words, instead of including the page elements and the test code together within the test, we separate them into 2 different entities: the pages and the test scenarios. Using this concept, each screen in the application will have a corresponding page class. The page classes will identify the elements in the page and contain methods that perform operations on these page elements.

This framework adopts the POM design pattern and is structured as follows:

'Pages' folder

Contains all Page object classes.

These classes represent the actual screens of the application. A Page Object class will contain a series of objects, representing the application screen, and a series of methods, representing the features of that screen.

'Tests' folder:

Contains all test classes or scripts.

These classes define the user flow or end-to-end test scenario by referencing the page object class methods.

'Utilities' folder:

Contains helpers, extensions to the Espresso, and scripts.

How to Write Tests

All page object classes and tests will extend the BasePage or BaseTest, thus inheriting all the base methods. These classes contain common functionality for e.g. setting up the app, terminating the sessions, or initializing page objects.

1. Create the BaseScreen

2. Create a Screen class named as DictionaryScreen by extending the BaseScreen. Define UI elements via the app using the accessibility identifiers of the elements

3. Create the BaseTest. The BaseTest should handle all the basic things for launching, terminating the app also it should include creating basic test objects for writing tests.

4. Create a test class for the dictonary screen named as DictionaryScreenTests by extending the BaseTest and calling them for the test steps. Test setup should handle all the required actions

Do you want to run these tests in your local and have experience with Espresso for UI tests, Junit test for unit tests, and also overall Android app structure then you are good to go with my repo here: testdictionary-android-app.

Selenium Error "Element is not currently interactable and may not be manipulated"

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Change Default Timeout and Wait Time of Capybara

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If you are working on shell most of the time Aliases are very helpfull and time saving. For testing purposes you can use Alias for getting ready your test suites. In this post, I want to explain both running Selenium and Capybara on console and creating aliases for each. This post is for Windows machines, if you are using Unix-like see this post . Creating Scripts for Selenium and Capybara First of all, it is assumed that you have installed Selenium and Capybara correctly and they work on your machines. If you haven't installed, you can see my previous posts. I am using the Selenium with Python and the Capybara with Ruby. You can use several different language for Selenium but Capybara works only with Ruby. Create scripts in a directory called scripts (in your home folder, like as ~/scripts ) for your automation tool as following, save them as capybara.rb, sel.py : Creating Aliases Depends on your favourite shell, you need to add the alias to .bashrc bash

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Performance Testing on CI: Locust is running on Jenkins

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